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As a key technology to meet the needs of large-scale energy storage, all-vanadium redox flow battery(VRFB) has the core advantages of high safety, excellent stability, long service life, flexible design and environmental friendliness. It has broad application prospects in the fields of power grid peak shaving, new energy grid connection and emergency power supply. As the core energy storage medium of VRFB, the cost of electrolyte accounts for about 52% of the total cost of the battery. Its performance directly determines the energy density, cycle stability, temperature adaptability and overall economy of the battery. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out systematic research on the preparation, performance optimization, impurity control and recycling of vanadium electrolyte, which is of great significance to promote the large-scale application of VRFB technology. Focusing on the vanadium electrolyte technology system, this paper reviews the research progress of its preparation process, performance optimization, impurity effect and recycling. In terms of preparation methods, the technical characteristics of three mainstream processes of chemical reduction, electrolysis and solvent extraction are compared and analyzed. The chemical reduction process is simple and suitable for large-scale production, but there are problems such as low reduction rate and easy introduction of impurities. The electrolysis process is short and the product purity is high, but it faces challenges such as high energy consumption and complex equipment. Solvent extraction method shows good development potential due to its wide adaptability of raw materials, high purity of products and low energy consumption. It is especially suitable for the preparation of high purity electrolyte from complex vanadiumcontaining feed solution by short process. In terms of electrolyte performance optimization, the mechanism of supporting electrolyte systems(such as sulfur-phosphorus mixed acid, HCl solution, proton ionic liquid, etc.) to improve the solubility of vanadium ions, inhibit the formation of precipitates, and broaden the working temperature range was systematically summarized. The effects of additives such as NaCl, Zn2+, and sodium dihydrogen phosphate on enhancing the electrochemical activity, ion conductivity, and thermal stability of the electrolyte were discussed. In terms of impurity influence and control, the effects of typical impurities such as Al and K+ on electrolyte viscosity, conductivity, electrode reaction reversibility and battery efficiency were reviewed. The applicability and limitations of impurity removal technologies such as chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, ion exchange and capacitive deionization were introduced. In addition, this paper also summarizes the methods of resource recovery and regeneration of spent electrolyte, including two technical routes of vanadium resource extraction and valence state rebalancing, which provides a reference for the whole life cycle management of electrolyte. Finally, combined with the current technical bottlenecks, the future development trend is prospected from the aspects of low-cost green preparation process development, wide temperature range high concentration electrolyte system construction, impurity synergy mechanism research and multi-process joint innovation, which provides a certain reference for the performance breakthrough and industrial application of vanadium electrolyte technology.
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Basic Information:
DOI：10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.03.004
China Classification Code:TM912
Citation Information:
[1]WEN Hanwei,YE Guohua,WANG Junshu ,et al.Research Status and Development Trend of Electrolyte Technology for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery[J].Nonferrous Metals(Extractive Metallurgy),2026(03):493-502.DOI:10.20237/j.issn.1007-7545.2026.03.004.
Fund Information:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52464029,51964028)~~
2026-01-05
2026
2026-01-19
2026
1
2026-03-02
2026-03-02